青藏高原东缘古近纪沙漠及其对季风起源的启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

江新胜  崔晓庄  伍皓  熊国庆  卓皆文  陆俊泽  江卓斐 《沉积与特提斯地质》2012,(3):54-63

沙漠沉积是地质历史演化过程中的一种特殊沉积,是特殊气候条件下的产物,对研究全球气候变化、大气环流样式具有独特的作用。沙漠沉积在地质历史中普遍存在但极少保存,它的发现和研究对恢复地质历史具有重要意义。研究表明,现代东亚季风系统建立前,尤其是古近纪早、中期,青藏高原东缘仍然处于行星环流所控制的干旱带内,发育了大量代表干旱炎热气候的石膏与盐类沉积,但至今尚未找到沙漠存在的确切记录。近年来,笔者采用沉积学、古气候学、古地理学等手段,并结合前人研究资料,对青藏高原东缘沉积盆地的古近纪早、中期红色地层进行了综合研究。结果表明,青藏高原东缘存在一个厚度稳定的古近纪早、中期风成沙丘富集带。在此基础上,通过古地理、沉积模式及古气候替代指标等分析,论证了青藏高原东缘存在古近纪盆山型沙漠沉积体系的可能性。沉积相、古流向分析揭示,青藏高原东缘存在一个由干旱向潮湿、由行星风系向季风风系转换的界面,可能暗示了东亚季风建立事件的发生。本研究相关成果可为新生代中国干旱带演化与全球气候变化研究提供可贵的沉积学资料,也可为青藏高原隆升与东亚季风起源研究提供重要的大气环流证据。  相似文献   

CHINA’S FOUR MAJOR METEOROLOGICAL SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS     

Ma Henian  Tang Xu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1999,13(2):129-140

China lies in East-Asian monsoon region,which is one of the well-known active monsoon zones around the world.Monsoon anomaly results in frequent natural disasters,such as drought,torrential rain and flood.In 1998,joint intensified observations for 4 major meteorological scientific experiments have been carried out over Chinese major monsoon affected areas.A number of valuable data have been obtained and some observational facts have come out after initial analysis.The present paper is to give an introduction to the 4 major meteorological scientific experiments conducted in 1998 in China.including its origin and scientific goals,implementation and planning,equipment and progress,and initial findings from the important observational facts.It aims to provide a comprehensive report on the progress of the above experiments for those who are interested in.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal variations of suspended sediment transport in the upstream and midstream of the Yarlung Tsangpo River (the upper Brahmaputra), China   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

Xiaonan Shi  Fan Zhang  Xixi Lu  Zhaoyin Wang  Tongliang Gong  Guanxing Wang  Hongbo Zhang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(2):432-443

The Yarlung Tsangpo River, which flows from west to east across the southern part of the Tibetan Plateau, is the longest river on the plateau and an important center for human habitation in Tibet. Suspended sediment in the river can be used as an important proxy for evaluating regional soil erosion and ecological and environmental conditions. However, sediment transport in the river is rarely reported due to data scarcity. Results from this study based on a daily dataset of 3 years from four main stream gauging stations confirmed the existence of great spatiotemporal variability in suspended sediment transport in the Yarlung Tsangpo River, under interactions of monsoon climate and topographical variability. Temporally, sediment transport or deposition mainly occurred during the summer months from July to September, accounting for 79% to 93% of annual gross sediment load. This coincided with the rainy season from June to August that accounted for 51% to 80% of annual gross precipitation and the flood period from July to September that accounted for approximately 60% of annual gross discharge. The highest specific sediment yield of 177.6 t/km²/yr occurred in the upper midstream with the highest erosion intensity. The lower midstream was dominated by deposition, trapping approximately 40% of total sediment input from its upstream area. Sediment load transported to the midstream terminus was 10.43 Mt/yr with a basin average specific sediment yield of 54 t/km²/yr. Comparison with other plateau‐originated rivers like the upper Yellow River, the upper Yangtze River, the upper Indus River, and the Mekong River indicated that sediment contribution from the studied area was very low. The results provided fundamental information for future studies on soil and water conservation and for the river basin management. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Critical Approach to Methods of Glacier Reconstruction in High Asia and Discussion of the Probability of a Qinghai-Xizang （Tibetan） Inland Ice     

Matthias Kuhle 《山地科学学报》2007,4(2):91-124

This overview discusses old and new results as to the controversy on the past glacier extension in High Asia, which has been debated for 35 years now. This paper makes an attempt to come closer to a solution. H.v. Wissmann's interpretation (1959) of a small-scale glaciation contrasts with M. Kuhle's reconstruction (1974) of a large-scale glaciation with a 2.4 million km2 extended Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) inland glaciation and a Himalaya-Karakorum icestream network. Both opinions find support but also contradiction in the International and Chinese literature (Academia Sinica). The solution of this question is of supraregional importance because of the subtropical position of the concerned areas. In case of large albedo-intensive ice surfaces, a global cooling would be the energetical consequence and, furthermore, a breakdown of the summer monsoon. The current and interglacial heat-low above the very effective heating panel of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau exceeding 4000 m, which gives rise to this monsoon circulation, would be replaced by the cold-high of an inland ice. In addition, the plate-tectonically created Pleistocene history of the uplift of High Asia — should the occasion arise up to beyond the snowline (ELA) —would attain a paleoclimatically great, perhaps global importance. In case of a heavy superimposed ice load, the question would come up as to the glacio-isostatic interruption of this primary uplift. The production of the loesses sedimentated in NE-China and their very probable glacial genesis as well as an eustatic lowering of the sea-level by 5 to 7 m in the maximum case of glaciation are immediately tied up with the question of glaciation we want to discuss. Not the least, the problems of biotopes of the sanctuary-centres of flora and fauna, i.e., interglacial re-settlement, are also dependent on it. On the basis of this Quaternary- geomorphological-glaciological connection, future contributions are requested on the past glaciation, the current and glacial permafrost table and periglacial development, the history of uplift, and the development of Ice Age lakes and loess, but also on the development of vegetation and fauna in High Asia.  相似文献   

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邢乐林  李建成  李辉  邹正波  周新 《大地测量与地球动力学》2007,27(6):33-36

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青藏高原那曲地区雷电特征初步分析   总被引：32，自引：3，他引：29       下载免费PDF全文

赵阳  张义军  董万胜  张鸿发  陈成品  张彤 《地球物理学报》2004,47(3):405-410

通过对2002年夏季青藏高原那曲地区雷暴过程及闪电观测资料的初步分析,发现该地区雷暴电荷结构具有多样性和复杂性,地闪明显偏少. 对高原地闪的一些基本特征参量的统计分析表明,无论正地闪还是负地闪梯级先导前都具有持续时间较长的云内放电过程,地闪以单次回击为主. 与中低纬度地区相比,高原地闪中正地闪比例明显要高,为33髎;负地闪为67髎;正、负地闪回击后常常伴随短时间的连续电流.  相似文献   

气候变化对全新世以来中国东部政治、经济和社会发展影响的初步研究   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

任美锷 《地球科学进展》2004,19(5):695-698

将社会科学(文史考古研究)与自然科学(气候变化)结合,分析了黄土高原社会经济发展较长江三角洲地区为早的原因,提出这可能是由于全新世大暖期的气候变化对不同地理区域产生不同的影响,最后并分析了中国历史上的3次移民潮的原因及其对长江三角洲社会经济发展的影响。  相似文献   

南支槽与孟加拉湾风暴结合对一次高原暴雪过程的影响   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

索渺清  丁一汇 《气象》2014,40(9):1033-1047

利用NCEP/NcAR逐6 h 1°×1°。再分析资料与常规和非常规观测资料,对2007年11月云南德钦高原暴雪产生的原因进行了研究,探讨南支槽与孟加拉湾风暴结合对高原东南部强烈天气的影响过程。结果表明:(1)在南支槽和孟加拉湾风暴结合的天气尺度条件下,槽前偏南风低空急流受高原大地形阻挡产生的高原切变线是高原暴雪的直接影响系统;(2)由于地形和冷空气的作用,上升运动向北倾斜使高原对流层中上层首先出现上升运动,整层上升运动在高原切变线和次级环流上升支的共同作用下强烈发展。孟加拉湾风暴北上与南支槽结合、高原切变线北移和风暴低压临近使德钦上升运动出现三次增强;(3)南支槽前偏南风低空急流向北输送水汽,部分水汽被抬升到高空,部分水汽绕过高原东南角向下游输送。高空水汽经高原上空沿着高空西风急流向下游远距离输送。高、低空水汽通道不重合往往会影响高原及其下游强降水落区的预报。受高空水汽输送影响,高原东南部纵向岭谷区具有高层大气最先增湿的特征,近地层水汽通量长时间强烈辐合有利于高原暴雪的形成;(4)上游冷空气沿南支西风到达孟加拉湾,促使南支槽加深和维持有利于引导盂加拉湾风暴北上,南支槽前偏南风低空急流把暖湿空气输送上高原,同时横槽转竖冷空气从高原南下,冷暖空气在德钦交汇形成强锋区也是暴雪产生的一个有利条件。(5)高原暴雪的锋区结构具有中纬度锋面天气特征,在暴雪发生的锋区附近,满足倾斜位涡发展和条件性对称不稳定。  相似文献   

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郭树松  刘芳  祝意青 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(4):34-38

??????С?????????????????????1994~1995??2002~2003???2011~2012????????????????仯???з??????1995-07-22????Ms5.8??????2003-10-25????Ms6.1???????2012-05-11????Ms4.9??????????????????о?С???????????????????????á?4??С?????????3?ε???????????????????仯???????????????????????4??С?????????и?????????????????????С??????????ж?????Σ??????  相似文献   

单多普勒天气雷达反演风场高原低纬区域同化应用     

李华宏  曹杰  王曼  胡娟  闵颖 《气象科技》2014,42(5):823-831

为了改善低纬高原地区天气预报水平,利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式及其变分同化系统进行雷达VAD(Velocity Azimuth Display)反演风场资料同化试验。通过设计不同的试验方案,对2009年6月30日00:00至7月1日00:00发生在云南的一次强降水过程进行数值模拟和对比分析,结果表明:同化VAD反演风场资料后对区域模式的风矢量初始场有明显影响。同化系统能把雷达反演风场信息有效地引入模式初始场,改善强降水区域的水汽输送和风场辐合强度;同化VAD反演风场资料后对区域模式累计降水预报有一定改进作用。从长时间累计降水量定量检验结果看,具体表现为25mm以上量级的降水准确率明显提高、漏报率下降,预报偏差更趋合理。不同的同化试验方案之间的模拟结果差异较大。同化频率越高、同化持续时间越长,对区域模式初始场和预报场的影响越明显。但同化持续时间不宜过长,否则可能导致系统移速过快、降水强度偏大、空报率增加等异常。  相似文献